Nkọwa
Iji mepụta ngwaahịa njedebe kachasị mma na ọnụ ala kachasị elu yana arụmọrụ na ntụkwasị obi kachasị elu, ị ga-ahọrọ akụkụ ndị na-eyi nke kachasị maka ngwa ịkụpịa gị. Isi ihe a ga-atụle dị ka ndị a:
1. Ụdị nkume ma ọ bụ mineral a ga-egwepịa.
2. Ihe urughuru size, mmiri ọdịnaya na Mohs ike ọkwa.
3. The ihe na ndụ nke igbu Ogwe na mbụ.
N'ozuzu, nkwụsi ike (ma ọ bụ ike) nke ihe ndị na-eme ka ígwè na-ekpuchi mgbidi ga-ebelata mmetụta ya (ma ọ bụ ike). Usoro nke itinye ite n'ime igwe matrix metal nwere ike ịbawanye nkwụsi ike ya na-enweghị emetụta nguzogide mmetụta ya.
High manganese ígwè
Ngwongwo manganese dị elu bụ ihe na-adịghị mma nke nwere ogologo akụkọ ihe mere eme ma jiri ya mee ihe na ndị na-akụpịa mmetụta. Igwe manganese dị elu nwere nguzogide mmetụta pụtara ìhè. Nkwụsi ike na-eyikarị na-ejikọta ya na nrụgide na mmetụta dị n'elu ya. Mgbe etinyere nnukwu mmetụta, usoro austenite dị n'elu nwere ike sie ike ruo HRC50 ma ọ bụ karịa.
High manganese ígwè efere hama na-n'ozuzu naanị na-atụ aro maka isi nzọpịa na ihe nke nnukwu ndepụta urughuru size na ala ekweghị ekwe.
Ngwakọta kemịkalụ nke nnukwu manganese ígwè
Ihe onwunwe | Ngwakọta kemịkalụ | Ngwongwo igwe | ||||
Mn% | kr% | C% | Si% | Ak/cm | HB | |
Mn14 | 12-14 | 1.7-2.2 | 1.15-1.25 | 0.3-0.6 | > 140 | 180-220 |
Mn15 | 14-16 | 1.7-2.2 | 1.15-1.30 | 0.3-0.6 | > 140 | 180-220 |
Mn18 | 16-19 | 1.8-2.5 | 1.15-1.30 | 0.3-0.8 | > 140 | 190-240 |
Mn22 | 20-22 | 1.8-2.5 | 1.10-1.40 | 0.3-0.8 | > 140 | 190-240 |
Microstructure nke nnukwu manganese ígwè
Steel nke Martensitic
A na-emepụta ihe owuwu Martensite site na ngwa ngwa jụrụ oyi nke nchara carbon zuru oke. Atọm carbon nwere ike ịgbasa na martensite naanị na usoro jụrụ oyi ngwa ngwa mgbe ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ gasịrị. Ngwongwo Martensitic nwere ike dị elu karịa ígwè manganese dị elu, mana nguzogide mmetụta ya na-ebelata n'otu aka ahụ. Isi ike nke ígwè martensitic dị n'etiti HRC46-56. Dabere na akụrụngwa ndị a, a na-atụ aro ka a na-atụ aro martensitic steel ịkụ ọkpọ maka ngwa-akụpịa ebe mmetụta dị ntakịrị mana ọ dị mkpa ka ọ dị elu.
Microstructure nke martensitic ígwè
Ígwè ọcha chromium dị elu
Na nnukwu ígwè ọcha chromium, carbon na-ejikọta ya na chromium n'ụdị chromium carbide. Igwe ọcha chromium dị elu nwere nguzogide eyi nke pụtara ìhè. Mgbe ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ gasịrị, isi ike ya nwere ike iru 60-64HRC, mana nguzogide mmetụta ya na-ebelata ya. E jiri ya tụnyere ígwè manganese dị elu na ígwè martensitic, ígwè nkedo chromium dị elu nwere nkwụsi ike kachasị elu, mana nkwụsị mmetụta ya bụkwa nke kasị ala.
Na nnukwu ígwè ọcha chromium, carbon na-ejikọta ya na chromium n'ụdị chromium carbide. Igwe ọcha chromium dị elu nwere nguzogide eyi nke pụtara ìhè. Mgbe ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ gasịrị, isi ike ya nwere ike iru 60-64HRC, mana nguzogide mmetụta ya na-ebelata ya. E jiri ya tụnyere ígwè manganese dị elu na ígwè martensitic, ígwè nkedo chromium dị elu nwere nkwụsi ike kachasị elu, mana nkwụsị mmetụta ya bụkwa nke kasị ala.
Ngwakọta kemịkalụ nke nnukwu ígwè ọcha chromium
ASTM A532 | Nkọwa | C | Mn | Si | Ni | Cr | Mo | |
I | A | Ni-Cr-Hc | 2.8-3.6 | 2.0 Oke | 0.8 Max | 3.3-5.0 | 1.4-4.0 | 1.0 Oke |
I | B | Ni-Cr-Lc | 2.4-3.0 | 2.0 Oke | 0.8 Max | 3.3-5.0 | 1.4-4.0 | 1.0 Oke |
I | C | Ni-Cr-GB | 2.5-3.7 | 2.0 Oke | 0.8 Max | 4.0 Oke | 1.0-2.5 | 1.0 Oke |
I | D | Ni-HiCr | 2.5-3.6 | 2.0 Oke | 2.0 Oke | 4.5-7.0 | 7.0-11.0 | 1.5 Max |
II | A | 12Cr | 2.0-3.3 | 2.0 Oke | 1.5 Max | 0.40-0.60 | 11.0-14.0 | 3.0 Oke |
II | B | 15CrMo | 2.0-3.3 | 2.0 Oke | 1.5 Max | 0.80-1.20 | 14.0-18.0 | 3.0 Oke |
II | D | 20CrMo | 2.8-3.3 | 2.0 Oke | 1.0-2.2 | 0.80-1.20 | 18.0-23.0 | 3.0 Oke |
III | A | 25Cr | 2.8-3.3 | 2.0 Oke | 1.5 Max | 0.40-0.60 | 23.0-30.0 | 3.0 Oke |
Microstructure nke igwe ọcha Chromium dị elu
Ceramic-Metal Composite Material (CMC)
CMC bụ ihe na-eguzogide iyi nke na-ejikọta ịdị mma nke ihe ndị dị mma (nchara martensitic ma ọ bụ ígwè nkedo chromium dị elu) na ike siri ike nke ceramics ụlọ ọrụ. A na-emeso ụmụ irighiri ihe seramiiki nke otu nha pụrụ iche iji mepụta ahụ nke seramiiki gbawara agbawa. Igwe a wụrụ awụ na-abanye kpamkpam n'ime interstices nke ihe owuwu seramiiki n'oge nkedo ma jikọta nke ọma na irighiri ụrọ.
Nhazi a nwere ike imeziwanye ihe mgbochi iyi nke ihu na-arụ ọrụ; N'otu oge ahụ, a ka na-eji ígwè eme ihe dị n'ime isi nke ihe ọkụkụ ma ọ bụ hama iji hụ na ọrụ ya dị mma, na-edozi ihe na-emegiderịta onwe ya n'etiti nkwụsi ike na-eyi na nkwụsị mmetụta, na enwere ike ịmegharị ya na ọnọdụ ọrụ dị iche iche. Ọ na-emepe oghere ọhụrụ maka nhọrọ nke akwa akwa akwa maka ọtụtụ ndị ọrụ, ma mepụta uru akụ na ụba ka mma.
a.Martensitic Steel + Ceramic
E jiri ya tụnyere ogwe ihe ọkụkụ nkịtị nke martensitic, hama nke seramiiki martensitic nwere ike siri ike n'elu akwa ya, mana nguzogide mmetụta nke hama ịkụ agaghị ebelata. N'ọnọdụ ọrụ, ogwe ọkụ seramiiki martensitic nwere ike ịbụ ezigbo nnọchi maka ngwa ahụ ma nwee ike nweta ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ugboro 2 ma ọ bụ ogologo ndụ ọrụ.
b.Elu Chromium Ọcha Ọcha + Ceramic
Ọ bụ ezie na nkịtị elu-chromium ígwè ịfụ mmanya ugbua nwere elu eyi nguzogide, mgbe-echipịa ihe na nnọọ elu ekweghị ekwe, dị ka konkiri, ọzọ eyi na-eguzogide ịfụ Ogwe na-na-na-eji ogologo oge ha na-arụ ọrụ ndụ. N'okwu a, ihe nkedo nke chromium dị elu nke nwere ihe mgbochi seramiiki etinyere bụ ihe ngwọta ka mma. N'ihi ntinye nke ceramics, ike nke iyi elu nke hama a na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo elu, na nkwụsị ya na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo mma, na-emekarị 2 ugboro ma ọ bụ ogologo ndụ ọrụ karịa ígwè ọcha chromium dị elu.
Uru nke Ceramic-Metal Composite Material (CMC)
(1) siri ike ma ọ bụghị nke na-agbaji agbaji, siri ike ma na-eguzogide ọgwụ, na-enweta nguzozi abụọ nke nguzogide iyi na ịdị elu dị elu;
(2) The seramiiki siri ike bụ 2100HV, na eyi iguzogide nwere ike iru 3 ka 4 ugboro nke nkịtị alloy ihe;
(3) Nhazi atụmatụ ahaziri onwe ya, ahịrị ejiji nwere ezi uche karịa;
(4) Ogologo ndụ ọrụ na uru akụ na ụba dị elu.
Usoro ngwaahịa
Akara igwe | Ụdị igwe |
Metso | LT-NP 1007 |
LT-NP 1110 | |
LT-NP 1213 | |
LT-NP 1315/1415 | |
LT-NP 1520/1620 | |
Hazemag | 1022 |
1313 | |
1320 | |
1515 | |
791 | |
789 | |
Sandvik | QI341 (QI240) |
QI441(QI440) | |
QI340 (I-C13) | |
CI124 | |
CI224 | |
Kleemann | MR110 EVO |
MR130 EVO | |
MR100Z | |
MR122Z | |
Terex Pegson | XH250 (CR004-012-001) |
XH320- ọhụrụ | |
XH320 ochie | |
1412 (XH500) | |
428 Tracpactor 4242 (300 dị elu) | |
Ihuenyo ọkụ | Trackpactor 320 |
Terex Finlay | I-100 |
I-110 | |
I-120 | |
I-130 | |
I-140 | |
Onye na-achị ụlọ | RM60 |
RM70 | |
RM80 | |
RM100 | |
RM120 | |
Tesab | RK-623 |
RK-1012 | |
Extec | C13 |
Telsmith | 6060 |
Keestrack | R3 |
R5 | |
McCloskey | I44 |
I54 | |
Lippmann | 4248 |
Ugo | 1400 |
1200 | |
Onye ọkpọ | 907 |
1112/1312-100mm | |
1112/1312-120mm | |
1315 | |
Kumbee | Mba1 |
Mba2 | |
Shanghai Shanbao | PF-1010 |
PF-1210 | |
PF-1214 | |
PF-1315 | |
SBM/Henan Liming/Shanghai Zenith | PF-1010 |
PF-1210 | |
PF-1214 | |
PF-1315 | |
PFW-1214 | |
PFW-1315 |